Hitchcock, R. Timothy. 2001. Ultraviolet Radiation. 2nd ed. Nonionizing Radiation Guide Series. Fairfax, Va.: American Industrial Hygiene Association.
Hodgkin, P., G. H. Kay, P.M. Hine, G. A. Lumb, and S.W. Stanbury. 1973.“Vitamin-D Deficiency in Asians at Home and in Britain.” The Lancet 2(7822): 167-172.
Holick, Michael F. 1987.“Photosynthesis of Vitamin D in the Skin: Effect of Environmental and Life-Style Variables.” Federation Proceedings 46(5): 1876-1882.
——. 1995.“Environmental Factors That Influence the Cutaneous Production of Vitamin D.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61(3 suppl.): 638S-645S.
——. 1997.“Photobiology of Vitamin D.” In Vitamin D, edited by David Feldman, Francis H. Glorieux, and J. Wesley Pike. San Diego: Academic Press.
——. 2001.“A Perspective on the Beneficial Effects of Moderate Exposure to Sunlight: Bone Health, Cancer Prevention, Mental Health, and Well Being.” In Sun Protection in Man, edited by Paolo U. Giacomoni. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
——. 2003.“Evolution and Function of Vitamin D.” Recent Results in Cancer Research 164:3-28.
——. 2004.“Vitamin D: Importance in the Prevention of Cancers, Type 1 Diabetes, Heart Disease, and Osteoporosis.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(3): 362-371.
Holick, Michael F., Julia A. MacLaughlin, and S. H. Doppelt. 1981.“Regulation of Cutaneous Previtamin D3 Photosynthesis in Man: Skin Pigment Is Not an Essential Regulator.” Science 211(4482): 590-593.
Homsi, Jade, Mohammed Kashani-Sabet, Jane L. Messina, and Adil Daud. 2005.“Cutaneous Melanoma: Prognostic Factors.” Cancer Control 12(4): 223-229.
Horiuchi, Shiro. 2005.“Affiliative Relations among Male Japanese Macaques(Macaca fuscata yakui) within and outside a Troop on Yakushima Island.” Primates 46(3): 191-197.
Ikoma, Akihiko, Roman Rukwied, Sonja St?nder, Martin Steinhoff, Yoshiki Miyachi, and Martin Schmelz. 2003.“Neurophysiology of Pruritus: Interaction of Itch and Pain.” Archives of Dermatology 139(11): 1475-1478.
Ito, Shosuke. 2003.“A Chemist’s View of Melanogenesis.” Pigment Cell Research 16(3): 230-236.
Iyengar, Sujata. 2005. Shades of Difference: Mythologies of Skin Color in Early Modern England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Jablonski, Nina G. 2004.“The Evolution of Human Skin and Skin Color.” Annual Review of Anthropology 33:585-623.
Jablonski, Nina G., and George Chaplin. 1993.“Origin of Habitual Terrestrial Bipedalism in the Ancestor of the Hominidae.” Journal of Human Evolution 24(4): 259-280.
——. 2000.“The Evolution of Skin Coloration.” Journal of Human Evolution 39(1): 57-106.
Jablonski, Nina G., George Chaplin, and Kenneth J. McNamara. 2002.“Natural Selection and the Evolution of Hominid Patterns of Growth and Development.” In Human Evolution through Developmental Change, edited by Nancy Minugh-Purvis and Kenneth J. McNamara. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Jerison, Harry J. 1978.“Allometry and Encephalization.” In Recent Advances in Primatology, vol. 3, Evolution, edited by D. J. Chivers and K. A. Joysey. London: Academic Press.
——. 1997.“Evolution of Prefrontal Cortex.” In Development of the Prefrontal Cortex: Evolution, Neurobiology, and Behavior, edited by Norman A. Krasnegor, G. Reid Lyon, and Patricia S. Rakic. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
John, Premila R., Kateryna Makova, Wen-Hsiung Li, Trefor Jenkins, and Michele Ramsay. 2003.“DNA Polymorphism and Selection at the Melanocortin-1 Receptor Gene in Normally Pigmented Southern African Individuals.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 994: 299-306.
Johnson, Francis S., Tsan Mo, and Alex E. S. Green. 1976.“Average Latitudinal Variation in Ultraviolet Radiation at the Earth’s Surface.” Photochemistry and Photobiology 23:179-188.
Kaidbey, Kays H., Patricia Poh Agin, Robert M. Sayre, and Albert M. Kligman. 1979.“Photoprotection by Melanin: A Comparison of Black and Caucasian Skin.” American Academy of Dermatology 1(3): 249-260.
Kalkwarf, Heidi J., and Bonny L. Specker. 2002.“Bone Mineral Changes during Pregnancy and Lactation.” Endocrine 17(1): 49-53.
Kappes, Ulrike P., Dan Luo, Marisa Potter, Karl Schulmeister, and Thomas M. Runger. 2006.“Short- and Long-Wave UV Light(UVB and UVA) Induce Similar Mutations in Human Skin Cells.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 126(3): 667-675.
Katsarou-Katsari, Alexandra, A. Filippou, and Theoharis C. Theoharides. 1999.“Effect of Stress and Other Psychological Factors on the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Dermatoses.” International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 12(1): 7-11.
Kemp, Sandra. 2004. Future Face: Image, Identity, Innovation. London: Profile Books.
Kesavan, Vellappan, Madan S. Pote, Vipen Batra, and Gomathy Viswanathan. 2003.“Increased Folate Catabolism Following Total Body Y-Irradiation in Mice.” Journal of Radiation Research 44(2): 141-144.
Ketchum, L. D., I. K. Cohen, and F.W. Masters. 1974.“Hypertrophic Scars and Keloidal Scars.” Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 53(2): 140-154.
Khaitovich, Philipp, Ines Hellmann, Wolfgang Enard, Katja Nowick, Marcus Leinweber, Henriette Franz, Gunter Weiss, Michael Lachmann, and Svante P??bo. 2005“. Parallel Patterns of Evolution in the Genomes and Transcriptomes of Humans and Chimpanzees.” Science 309(5742): 1850-1854.
Kirch, Patrick V. 1997. The Lapita Peoples: Ancestors of the Oceanic World.Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.
Klein, Richard G., Graham Avery, Kathryn Cruz-Uribe, David Halkett, John E. Parkington, Teresa Steele, Thomas P. Volman, and Royden Yates. 2004.“The Ysterfontein 1 Middle Stone Age Site, South Africa, and Early Human Exploitation of Coastal Resources.” 10.1073/pnas.0400528101. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 101(16): 5708-5715.
Klesse, Christian. 1999.“‘Modern Primitivism’: Non-Mainstream Body Modification and Racialized Representation.” Body and Society 5(2-3): 15-38.
Kligman, Albert M. 2004.“A Personal Critique on the State of Knowledge of Rosacea.” Dermatology 208(3): 191-197.
Knip, Agatha S. 1977.“Ethnic Studies on Sweat Gland Counts.” In Physiological Variation and Its Genetic Basis, edited by J. S. Weiner. London: Taylor and Francis.
Koda, Harold. 2001. Extreme Beauty: The Body Transformed. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Kollias, Nikiforos. 1995a.“The Physical Basis of Skin Color and Its Evaluation.” Clinics in Dermatology 13(4): 361-367.
——. 1995b.“The Spectroscopy of Human Melanin in Pigmentation.” In Melanin: Its Role in Human Photoprotection, edited by Lisa Zeise, Miles R. Chedekel, and Thomas B. Fitzpatrick. Overland Park, KS: Valdenmar Publications.
Kollias, Nikiforos, Robert M. Sayre, Lisa Zeise, and Miles R. Chedekel. 1991.“New Trends in Photobiology: Photoprotection by Melanin.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B 9(2): 135-160.
Kovacs, Christopher S. 2005.“Calcium and Bone Metabolism during Pregnancy and Lactation.” Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 10(2): 105-118.
Kuhn, Steven L., Mary C. Stiner, David S. Reese, and Erksin Güle??. 2001.“Ornaments of the Earliest Upper Paleolithic: New Insights from the Levant.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 98(13): 7641-7646.
Lamason, Rebecca L., Manzoor-Ali P. K. Mohideen, Jason R. Mest, Andrew C. Wong, Heather L. Norton, Michele C. Aros, Michael J. Jurynec, Xianyun Mao, Vanessa R. Humphreville, Jasper E. Humbert, Soniya Sinha, Jessica L. Moore, Pudur Jagadeeswaran, Wei Zhao, Gang Ning, Izabela Makalowska, Paul M. McKeigue, David O’Donnell, Rick Kittles, Esteban J. Parra, Nancy J. Mangini, David J. Grunwald, Mark D. Shriver, Victor A. Canfield, and Keith C. Cheng. 2005.“SLC24A5, a Putative Cation Exchanger, Affects Pigmentation in Zebrafish and Humans.” 10.1126/science.1116238. Science310(5755): 1782-1786.
Lapunzina, Pablo. 1996.“Ultraviolet Light-Related Neural Tube Defects?” American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics 67(1): 106.
Leary, Mark R., Thomas W. Britt, William D. Cutlip II, and Janice L. Templeton. 1992“. Social Blushing.” Psychological Bulletin 112(3): 446-460.
Lee, Marjorie M. C., and Gabriel W. Lasker. 1959.“The Sun-Tanning Potential of Human Skin.” Human Biology 31:252-260.
Lock-Andersen, J?rgen, N. Ditlev Knudstorp, and Hans Christian Wulf. 1998.“Facultative Skin Pigmentation in Caucasians: An Objective Biological Indicator of Lifetime Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation?” British Journal of Dermatology 138(5): 826-832.
Loomis, W. Farnsworth. 1967.“Skin-Pigment Regulation of Vitamin-D Biosynthesis in Man.” Science 157(3788): 501-506.
Luck, C. P., and P. G. Wright. 1964.“Aspects of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin of the Hippopotamus(H. amphibius).” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology and Cognate Medical Sciences 49(1): 1-14.
Lucock, Mark, Zoe Yates, Tracey Glanville, Robert Leeming, Nigel Simpson, and Ioannis Daskalakis. 2003.“A Critical Role for B-Vitamin Nutrition in Human Development and Evolutionary Biology.” Nutrition Research 23(11): 1463-1475.
Luis, J. R., Diane J. Rowold, M. Regueiro, B. Caeiro, Cengiz Cinniovlu, Charles Roseman, Peter A. Underhill, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, and Rene J. Herrera. 2004.“The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations.” American Journal of Human Genetics 74(3): 532-544.
MacLaughlin, Julia A., R. R. Anderson, and Michael F. Holick. 1982.“Spectral Character of Sunlight Modulates Photosynthesis of Previtamin D3 and Its Photoisomers in Human Skin.” Science 216(4549): 1001-1003.
Madronich, Sasha, Richard L. McKenzie, Lars O. Bj?rn, and Martyn M. Caldwell. 1998.“Changes in Biologically Active Ultraviolet Radiation Reaching the Earth’s Surface.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 46(1-3): 5-19.
Mahoney, Sheila A. 1980.“Cost of Locomotion and Heat Balance during Rest and Running from 9 to 55 C in a Patas Monkey.” Journal of Applied Physiology 49(5): 789-800.
Mansbridge, Jonathan. 1999.“Tissue-Engineered Skin Substitutes.” Expert Opinion on Investigative Drugs 8(7): 957-962.
Manson, Joseph H., and Richard W. Wrangham. 1991“. Intergroup Aggression in Chimpanzees and Humans.” Current Anthropology 32(4): 369-391.
Manzotti, Riccardo, and Vincenzo Tagliasco. 2001.“On Building an Artificial Conscious Being.” Paper presented at In Search of a Science of Consciousness conference. Skovde, Sweden.
Marks, Jonathan. 2003. What It Means to Be 98% Chimpanzee: Apes, People, and Their Genes. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Martin, Paul, and Susan M. Parkhurst. 2004.“Parallels between Tissue Repair and Embryo Morphogenesis.” Development 131(13): 3021-3034.
Mathur, U., S. L. Datta, and B.B. Mathur. 1977.“The Effect of Aminopterin-Induced Folic Acid Deficiency on Spermatogenesis.” Fertility and Sterility 28(12): 1356-1360.
Matsumoto-Oda, Akiko. 1998.“Injuries to the Sexual Skin of Female Chimpanzees at Mahale and Their Effect on Behaviour.” Folia Primatologica 69(6): 400-404.
Matsumura, Yashuhiro, and Honnavara N. Ananthawamy. 2004.“Toxic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Skin.” Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 195(3): 298-308.
Mayhew, Emily. 2004. The Reconstruction of Warriors: Archibald McIndoe, the Royal Air Force, and the Guinea Pig Club. London: Greenhill Books.
Miller, Greg. 2005.“Bats Have a Feel for Flight.” Science 310(5752): 1260-1261.
Miller, Jean-Chris. 2004. The Body Art Book: A Complete Illustrated Guide to Tattoos, Piercings, and Other Body Modifications. New York: Berkley.
Moffatt, Michael E. K. 1995.“Current Status of Nutritional Deficiencies in Canadian Aboriginal People.” Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73(6): 754-758.
“The Molecular Biology of Wound Healing.” 2004. Public Library of Science: Biology 2(8): e278.
Monfrecola, Giuseppe, and Emilia Prizio. 2001.“Self Tanning.” In Sun Protection in Man, edited by Paolo U. Giacomoni. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Montagna, William. 1971.“Cutaneous Comparative Biology.” Archives of Dermatology 104(6): 577-591.
——. 1981.“The Consequences of Having a Naked Skin.” Birth Defects: Original Article Series 17(2): 1-7.
Montagu, Ashley. 1971. Touching: The Human Significance of the Skin.New York: Columbia University Press.
Montoya, Pedro, J. Javier Campos, and Rainer Schandry. 2005.“See Red? Turn Pale? Unveiling Emotions through Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Changes.” Spanish Journal of Psychology 8(1): 79-85.
Morbeck, Mary Ellen, Adrienne L. Zihlman, and Alison Galloway. 1993.“Biographies Read in Bones: Biology and Life History of Gombe Chimpanzees.” In Proceedings of the 1992 ChimpanZoo Conference, edited by V. Landau. Jane Goodall Institute.
Morgan, Elaine. 1982. The Aquatic Ape. London: Souvenir.
Murray, Frederick G. 1934.“Pigmentation, Sunlight, and Nutritional Disease.” American Anthropologist 36(3): 438-445.
Nadel, Dani, Ehud Weiss, Orit Simchoni, Alexander Tsatskin, Avinoam Danin, and Mordechai Kislev. 2004.“Stone Age Hut in Israel Yields World’s Oldest Evidence of Bedding.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 101(17): 6821-6826.
Nelson, David A., and Sarah A. Nunneley. 1998.“Brain Temperature and Limits on Transcranial Cooling in Humans: Quantitative Modeling Results.” European Journal of Applied Physiology 78(4): 353-359.
Newton Bishop, Julia A., and D. Timothy Bishop. 2005.“The Genetics of Susceptibility to Cutaneous Melanoma.” Drugs of Today 41(3): 193-203.
Oakes, James. 1998. The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders. New York: Norton.
Off, Morten Christian, Arnfinn Engeset Steindal, Alina Carmen Porojnicu, Asta Juzeniene, Alexander Vorobey, Anders Johnsson, and Johan Moan. 2005.“Ultraviolet Photodegradation of Folic Acid.” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 80(1): 47-55.
Olivier, Georges. 1960. Pratique anthropologique. Paris: Vigot Frères, Editeurs.Ortonne, Jean-Paul. 2002.“Photoprotective Properties of Skin Melanin.”
British Journal of Dermatology 146(suppl. 61): 7-10.
Padian, Kevin. 2001.“Cross-Testing Adaptive Hypotheses: Phylogenetic Analysis and the Origin of Bird Flight.” American Zoologist 41(3): 598-607.Pagel, Mark, and Walter Bodmer. 2003.“A Naked Ape Would Have Fewer Parasites.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270(suppl.): S117-S119.